Fungi contribute to soil aggregation and carbon storage by which organism group?

• A. Earthworms
• B. Collembola
• C. Fungi
• D. Bacteria

Answer: (C)

Fungi contribute to soil aggregation and carbon storage through their filamentous networks and the substances they produce. The hyphae weave through soil, physically binding particles together and creating stable aggregates that improve soil structure and porosity. In addition, many fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, secrete sticky polymers like glomalin that act much like a glue, helping particles stick together and forming durable aggregates. These aggregates protect organic matter from rapid decomposition, allowing carbon to accumulate in the soil for longer periods. While other groups like earthworms can mix and loosen soil and bacteria drive rapid nutrient cycling, fungi excel at creating and maintaining stable soil structure and sequestering carbon, making them the primary contributor to aggregation and long-term carbon storage.